The pursuit of zero-carbon emission vehicles in advanced countries around the world has become increasingly fierce, and the demand for new energy vehicle specifications has become increasingly clear. However, the current sluggish development of lithium battery technology has restricted the cruising range and safety, which has made the upgrade of new energy vehicles slow. The shocking battery fire accidents of new energy vehicles have occurred again and again, forcing the various tigers of BMW, Toyota and other international car manufacturers to start. Strategic binding.

　　The pursuit of zero-carbon emission vehicles in advanced countries around the world has become increasingly fierce, and the demand for new energy vehicle specifications has become increasingly clear. However, the current sluggish development of lithium battery technology has restricted the cruising range and safety, which has made the upgrade of new energy vehicles slow. The shocking battery fire accidents of new energy vehicles have occurred again and again, forcing the various tigers of BMW, Toyota and other international car manufacturers to start. Strategic binding.

　　However, the industry leaders have invested in solid-state batteries for about 20 years, but they are still in a state of chaos. The battery factories each believe in different electrolyte systems, and there is no trend of technology flow or integration. Some of them are successful. Some people continue to postpone the development of roadmaps, and those who left the market sadly after throwing hundreds of millions of dollars are even heard. In terms of performance and mass production, there are inherent advantages and disadvantages that are irreversible with modern technology. We divide electrolytes into six categories according to the manufacturing process and chemical system: oxides, sulfides, cyanides, halides, films, and polymers. Four major technical routes illustrate its current development status:

　　The solid polymer is thanks to the mature development of liquid polymer. The mass production capacity of solid polymer battery is not far from that of liquid polymer, but there is poor stability, which leads to poor electrical reliability. In addition, under normal temperature conditions Poor ionic conductivity, the performance of the battery is therefore greatly compromised, and even difficult to operate under 10-4S/cm.

　　Earlier, the French Bolloré Group used BatScap batteries for urban ride-hailing, but it must continue to heat the electric vehicle battery to above 60°C to maintain the internal conductivity of the battery. The German component giant Bosch Bosch Group also had to announce its abandonment of its investment in Seeo at the beginning of 2018; the solid polymer electrolyte manufacturer IonicMaterials has received the most investment from Samsung SDI, Dyson, Wanxiang and other groups. Perhaps In recent years, samples can come out.

　　The thickness of oxide thin-film thin-film batteries can reach the micron level and was once regarded as the best solution for the medical and wearable markets. However, it is similar to the semiconductor sputtering production process, the equipment cost is high, the environmental requirements are extremely high, and the yield rate is low, so Mass production is not easy and the cost is very high. The US IPS made all solid-state thin-film batteries in 2008, and was acquired by Apple in 2014, but no product has been released so far; in addition, Dyson Group’s investment in Sakti3 was the most prosperous news in the solid-state battery market in 2015, but in 2017 Announcing the abandonment of all Sakti3 patents, and turning to investing in solid polymer plants in order to quickly enter the market. From this point of view, the mass production and commercialization of thin-film batteries remains to be seen. Although sulfide has good conductivity and poor stability, it is the biggest shortcoming. The stability that affects oxidation and reduction is also low. The process is complicated, and it is far from the lithium battery process. Therefore, the sulfide system is extremely resource-intensive. high.

　　Toyota, SamsungSDI and CATL have all invested in the development of this system. Toyota expects that the sulfide solid-state battery developed by it will be put into commercial use in 2022; South Korean battery manufacturer SDI has spent more than ten years of research on the sulfide technology route, and then switched to it at the beginning of this year The solid polymer route and the sulfide route can only be proved by time.

　　"Oxide" has the highest stability, and can be produced with relatively low-cost process equipment and factory facilities under normal atmospheric conditions.

　　Sony, Ohara and Huineng Technology are the representatives of this technical route. Among them, Huineng Technology has been the first to overcome the poor conductivity of oxides, which is the first to overcome the poor conductivity of oxides. The oxide metal is easily brittle after being stacked, and it will break when bent. It has successfully achieved the commercialization of "12-minute fast charge" and "dynamically bendable" solid-state batteries, and has been applied to HTC, SoftBank and other brand products. At present, it has jointly deployed solid-state power with several car manufacturers in China, Europe, and Japan. The battery market.

　　Conclusion At present, each unit has a low degree of mastery of solid-state batteries and is willing to share less. Therefore, the battery factory’s choice of technical routes is like an adventure that cannot be turned back. Each road has different obstacles to overcome. Let’s go. I only knew the theoretical advantages and disadvantages before, but no one knows whether the road will be dead, alive, or a long and more bumpy road. We can only speculate from industry trends. At present, the fastest-paced is the oxide system, followed by the solid polymer, which should be able to come out in recent years; whether sulfide and thin-film batteries are feasible on the road to commercialization, at least we need to observe 5 In 2015, the oxide system has now officially entered commercial mass production.